Applying Newton's Second Law

A box of mass 2.75 kg sits on a table. Neglect friction. You pull on a string tied to the right side of the box, exerting a force of 20.0 N at an angle of 35.0 degrees above the horizontal. Your friend exerts a horizontal force of 12.0 N by pulling on a string on the other side of the box.

(a) What is the box's acceleration?

(b) What is the normal force exerted on the box by the table?

Draw the free-body diagram - show all the forces acting on the box.

b


Think about what the box will do.
The force of gravity is mg = 2.75 x 9.8 = 26.95 N, directed down. The vertical component of your force is less than that, so the box remains on the table. If it accelerates it will accelerate horizontally.

Choose a coordinate system.
Assume the box accelerates to the right, so +x = right and +y = up.

Apply Newton's second law twice, once for the x-direction and once for the y-direction.

In the x direction, summing the forces gives:

Σ Fx = m ax

T1 cos(35) - T2 = m ax
ax =
T1 cos(35) - T2
m
=
16.38 N - 12 N
2.75 kg
= 1.6 m/s2

The fact that it's positive means the box does accelerate to the right.

In the y direction, there is no acceleration, which means the forces have to balance.

Σ Fy = m ay = 0

N + T1 sin(35) - mg = 0

N = mg - T1 sin(35)

N = 26.95 - 11.47 = 15.5 N

Note that in this case the normal force is not equal in magnitude to the force of gravity.