Publications

Model-Independent Test of the Crater Function Theory of Surface Morphology Evolution during Ion Bombardment. E. Anzenberg, J. Perkinson, M. Aziz and K. Ludwig. Submitted to Physical Review Letters.

Nanopatterning of Metal-Coated Si Surfaces via Ion Beam Irradiation: Real Time X-ray Studies Reveal the Effect of Silicide Bonding. O. El-Atwani, A. Susova, A. DeMasi, S. Gonderman, J. Fowler, M. El-Atwani, K. Ludwig and J.P. Allain. Journal of Applied Physics, in press.

Development of AlGaN-Based Graded-Index-Separate-Confinement Heterostructure Deep UV Emitters by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. H. Sun, J. Woodward, J. Yin, A. Moldawer, E. Pecora, A. Nikiforov, L. Dal Negro, R. Paiella, K. Ludwig, D. Smith and T.D. Moustakas, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 31, 03C117-1 (2013).

Real Time X-ray Studies during Nanostructure Formation on Silicon via Low Energy Ion Beam Irradiation using Ultrathin Iron Films. Osman El-Atwani, Anastassiya Suslova, Alexander DeMasi, Sean Gonderman, Justin Fowler, Mohamad El-Atwani, Karl Ludwig, and Jean Paul Allain, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 263104 (2012).

Nanoscale Surface Pattern Formation Kinetics on Germanium Irradiated by Kr+ Ions. E. Anzenberg, J.C. Perkinson, C.S. Madi, M.J. Aziz and K.F. Ludwig, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 86, 245412 (2012).

High Contrast X-ray Speckle from Atomic-Scale Order in Liquids and Glasses. S. Hruszkewycz, M. Sutton, P. Fuoss, B. Adams, S. Rosenkranz, K.F. Ludwig, W. Roseker, D. Fritz, M. Cammarata, D. Zhu, S. Lee, H. Lemke, C. Gutt, A. Robert, G. Gruebel and G.B. Stephenson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 185502 (2012).

Evidence for Family-Meakin Dynamical Scaling in Island Growth and Coalescence during Vapor Phase Deposition. Leyla Çolakerol Arslan, Christopher Sanborn, Eitan Anzenberg and Karl F. Ludwig, Jr., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 106102 (2012).

Composition Dependent Bilayer Atomic Ordering in AlxGa1-x Films Examined by Polarization-Dependent Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure. J.C. Woicik, K.F. Ludwig, Jr. and T.D. Moustakas, Appl. Phys. Lett.100, 162105 (2012).

X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy in Systems without Long-Range Order: Existence of an Intermediate-Field Regime. K. Ludwig, J. Synchrotron Rad. 19, 66 (2012).

Hard X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Heteroepitaxial Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Materials. J.N. Davis, L.J.Miara, L. Saraf, T.C. Kaspar, S. Gopalan, U.B. Pal, J.C. Woicik, K.F. Ludwig and S.N. Basu, ECS Transactions 41 (11), 19 (2012).

Tuning the Pore Size of Ink-Bottle Mesopores by Atomic Layer Deposition. J. Dendooven, B. Goris, K. Devloo-Casier, E. Levrau, E. Biermans, M. Baklanov, K. Ludwig, P. Van Der Voort, S. Bals and C. Detavernier, Chemistry of Materials 24, 1992 (2012).

Time-Resolved Measurements of Nanoscale Surface Pattern Formation Kinetics in Two Dimensions on Ion Irradiated Si. E. Anzenberg, C.S. Madi, M.J. Aziz and K.F. Ludwig, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 84, 214108 (2011).

In Situ Synchrotron Based X-ray Fluorescence and Scattering Measurements During Atomic Layer Deposition: Initial Growth of HfO2 on Si and Ge Substrates. K. Devloo-Casier, J. Dendooven, K.F. Ludwig, G. Lekens, J. D’Haen and C. Detavernier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231905 (2011).

Direct Measurement of Microstructural Avalanches During the Martensitic Transition of Cobalt Using Coherent X-ray Scattering. Christopher Sanborn, Karl F. Ludwig, Michael C. Rogers and Mark Sutton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 015702 (2011).

Tailoring Nanoporous Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition. C. Detavernier, J. Dendooven, S. Pulinthanathu Sree, K.F. Ludwig and J. Martens, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 5242 (2011) .

In Situ X-Ray Fluorescence Measurements During Atomic Layer Deposition: Nucleation and Growth of TiO2 on Planar Substrates and in Nanoporous Films. J. Dendooven, S. Pulinthanathu Sree, K. De Keyser, D. Deduytsche, J. Martens, K. Ludwig and C. Detavernier, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 6605 (2011).

Mass Redistribution Causes the Structural Richness of Ion-Irradiated Surfaces. C. Madi, E. Anzenberg, K.F. Ludwig, Jr. and M.J. Aziz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 066101 (2011).

Growth Kinetics of AlN and GaN Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on R-Plane Sapphire Substrates. R. Chandrasekaran, T.D. Moustakas, A. Ozcan, K. Ludwig, L. Zhou and D. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 043501 (2010).

In Situ X-ray Studies of Native and Mo-Seeded Surface Nanostructuring during Ion Bombardment of Si(100). G. Ozaydin-Ince and K.F. Ludwig, Jr., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 21, 224008 (2009).

Mechanisms of Pattern Formation and Smoothing Induced by Ion-Beam Erosion. Hua Zhou, Lan Zhou, Gozde Ozaydin, Karl F. Ludwig, Jr., and Randall Headrick, Phys. Rev. B 78, 165404 (2008).

Effects of Mo Seeding on the Formation of Si Nanodots During Low-Energy Ion Bombardment. Gozde Ozaydin, Karl F. Ludwig, Jr., Hua Zhou and Randall L. Headrick, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 26, 551 (2008).

Real-Time Studies of Gallium Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics by Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and X-ray Fluorescence. Yiyi Wang, Ahmet Ozcan, Karl Ludwig and Anirban Bhattacharyya, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 103538 (2008).

Transition Behavior of Surface Morphology Evolution of Si(100) During Low-Energy Normal-Incidence Ar+ Ion Bombardment. Gozde Ozaydin, Karl F. Ludwig, Jr., Hua Zhou, Lan Zhou and Randall L. Headrick, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 033512 (2008).

GaN Quantum Dot Superlattices Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at High Temperature. Tao Xu, Lin Zhou, Yiyi Wang, Ahmet Ozcan, K.F. Ludwig, David Smith and T.D. Moustakas, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 073517 (2007).

Real-Time X-Ray Studies of Gallium Nitride Nanodot Formation by Droplet Heteroepitaxy. Yiyi Wang, Ahmet S. Özcan, Christopher Sanborn, Karl F. Ludwig, Anirban Bhattacharyya, Ramya Chandrasekaran, Theodore D. Moustakas, Lin Zhou and David J. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 073522 (2007).

Real-Time X-ray Studies of the Growth of Mo-Seeded Si nanodots by Low-Energy Ion Bombardment. Gozde Ozaydin, Ahmet S. Özcan and Yiyi Wang, Karl F. Ludwig, Hua Zhou and Randall L. Headrick, Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. B 264, 47 (2007).

Experimental Methods: High-Resolution Scattering Methods and Time-Resolved Diffraction. B. Sepiol and K. Ludwig in Alloy Physics A Comprehensive Reference, W. Pfeiler, Ed. (Wiley, 2007).

Growth of on-polar (11-20) and semi-polar (11-26) AlN and GaN films on R-Plane sapphire. R. Chandrasekaran, A.S. Ozcan, D. Deniz, K.F. Ludwig and T.D. Moustakas, Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 4, 1689 (2007).

Wavelength Tunability of Ion-bombardment Induced Ripples on Sapphire investigated with small-angle x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. Hua Zhou, Yiping Wang, Lan Zhou, Randall L. Headrick, Ahmet S. Ozcan, Yiyi Wang, Gozde Ozaydin, and Karl F. Ludwig Jr., and D. Peter Siddons, Phys. Rev. B 75, 155416 (2007).

Real-time synchrotron x-ray studies of low and high temperature nitridation of c-plane sapphire. Yiyi Wang, Ahmet S. Özcan, Gözde Özaydin, Karl F. Ludwig, Jr., Anirban Bhattacharyya, Theodore D. Moustakas, Hua Zhou and Randall L. Headrick, and D. Peter Siddons, Phys. Rev. B 74, 235304 (2006).

Real-Time X-Ray Studies of Gallium Adsorption and Desorption. Ahmet S. Özcan, Yiyi Wang, Gozde Ozaydin, Karl F. Ludwig, Anirban Bhattacharyya, Theodore D. Moustakas and D. Peter Siddons, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 084307 (2006).

Complex and Incommensurate Ordering in Al0.72Ga0.28N Thin Films Grown by Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Y. Wang, A. S. Özcan, K. F. Ludwig, Jr., A. Bhattacharyya, T.D. Moustakas, L. Zhou and D. J. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 181915 (2006).

Real-Time X-ray Studies of Mo-Seeded Self-Organized Si Nanodot Formation During Low Energy Ar+ Ion Bombardment. G. Ozaydin, A.S. Özcan, Y. Wang, Karl F. Ludwig, H. Zhou, R. L. Headrick and D.P. Siddons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 163104 (2005).

Ordering Kinetics in the Long-Period Superlattice Alloy Cu0.79Pd0.21. X. Wang, J. Mainville, K. Ludwig, X. Flament, R. Caudron and A. Finel, Phys. Rev. B 72, 024215 (2005).

X-ray Intensity Fluctuation Spectroscopy Studies of Ordering Kinetics in a Cu-Pd Alloy. K. Ludwig, F. Livet, F. Bley, J.-P. Simon, R. Caudron, D. Le Bolloc’h and A. Moussaid, Phys. Rev. B 72, 144201 (2005).

Evolution of Microstructure in Ti-Ta Bilayer Thin Films on poly-Si and Si(001). A.S. Özcan, K. F. Ludwig, Jr., C. Lavoie, S.N. Basu, C. Coia, C. Cabral, Jr., K. P. Rodbell and J.M.E. Harper, Thin Solid Films 466, 238 (2004).

Axiotaxy of CoSi2 Thin Films on Si(100) Substrates and the Effects of Ti Alloying. A.S. Ozcan, K.F. Ludwig, C. Detavernier, C. Lavoie, J.L. Jordan-Sweet, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 8376 (2004).

Complex Ordering in Ternary Wurtzite Nitride Alloys. L. Iliopoulos, K.F. Ludwig, Jr. and T.D. Moustakas, J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 64, 1525 (2003).

Time-resolved Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study of the Kinetics of Disorder-Order Transition in a Triblock Copolymer in a Selective Solvent for the Middle Block. H. Nie, R. Bansil, K. Ludwig, M. Steinhart, C. Konak and J. Bang, Macromolecules 36, 8097 (2003).

Comparative Study of GaN/AlGaN MQW’s Grown Homoepitaxially on (11bar00) and (0001) GaN. A. Bhattacharyya, I. Friel, S. Iyer, T.C. Chen, W. Li, J. Cabalu, Y. Fedyunin, K.F. Ludwig, T.D. Moustakas, H.P. Maruska, D.W. Hill, J.J. Gallagher, M.C. Chou, and B. Chai, J. Cryst. Growth 251, 487 (2003).

Influence of Substrate Temperature During Sputter Deposition on the Subsequent Formation of Titanium Disilicide. MRS Symp. Proc. 745, 241 (2003).

Growth and Characterization of Non-Polar (11-20) GaN and AlGaN/GaN MQWs on R-Plane (10-12) Sapphire. S. Iyer, D.J. Smith, A. Bhattacharyya, K. Ludwig, and T.D. Moustakas, MRS Symp. Proc. 743, 133 (2003).

Structure and Ordering Kinetics of Micelles in Triblock Copolymer Solutions in Selective Solvents. R. Bansil, H. Nie, Y. Li, G. Liao, K. Ludwig, M. Steinhart, C. Konak and J. Lal, Macromol. Symp. 190, 161 (2002).

Texture Formation in Ti-Ta Alloy Disilicide Thin Films. A.S. Ozcan, K.F. Ludwig, C. Lavoie, C. Cabral, Jr. and J.M.E. Harper, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 7210 (2002).